E-Bike Classifications:
The e-bike regulations in the United States are classified into three tiers in 41 states. This classification system helps to differentiate the conditions under which different e-bike models are permitted in different areas of the roadways. It is important to note that legal requirements for e-bikes may vary by state, so it is necessary to consider these regulations on a regional basis.
| Definition | Pedal operated only | Maximum motor-assisted speed | License plate | Helmet suggested | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class 1 | Class 1 ebikes are equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling and that ceases to provide assistance when the ebike reaches the speed of 20miles per hour | Yes | 20MPH | NO | Yes |
| Class 2 | Class 2 ebikes are euipped with a motor that may be used exclusively to propel the ebike and that ceases to provide assistance when the ebike reaches the speed of 20miles per hour. | NO | 20MPH | NO | Yes |
| Class 3 | Class 3 ebikes are equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedalling and that ceases to provie assistance when the ebike reaches the speed of 28miles per hour. | Yes | 28MPH | NO | Yes |
Regulation
As of July 2023, legislation creating the class system has been passed in forty one states:
Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin and Wyoming
National Electric Bicycle Law and Policy：
https://www.peopleforbikes.org/electric-bikes/policies-and-laws
Electric bike law (state by state)：
https://www.peopleforbikes.org/electric-bikes/state-laws
When referring to state regulations, paying attention to these critical aspects is vital to understand local travel regulations better.
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Vehicle Standards: This includes the standards for vehicles permitted on the road, such as motor and riding speed standards.
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Age Limits: Specific age limits determine who is allowed to ride certain vehicles.
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Access Rules: Different roads may have specific access rules, such as city motorized and non-motorized trails or national park forest riding trails.
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Passenger Regulations: Knowing whether passengers are allowed on certain vehicles is essential.
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Vehicle registration and permits: It is necessary to determine whether a electric bike needs to be registered and if a permit is required for its operation.
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Helmet Standards: There are carrying standards for helmets and specific requirements for wearing helmets.
Indeed, it is worth noting that certain areas have yet to establish a specific categorization for e-bikes. Consequently, some e-bikes may be classified as moped or motorized vehicles in some regions. Determining the precise legal restrictions for such vehicles is at the discretion of the local government.
Helmets Regulation
It is essential to mention that certain states have included wearing a helmet as a legal obligation, particularly for younger e-bike riders. Around 25 states and Washington, D.C., have implemented some form of helmet requirement for e-bike riders and passengers. Examples of these states include Connecticut, Maryland, West Virginia, Massachusetts, and Louisiana, where helmets are mandatory for all ages and all classes of e-bikes and bicycles. Other states have varying rules based on age and e-bike classifications, so referring to their specific regulations is necessary. Additionally, 25 states do not have any helmet requirements for any class of e-bike or rider age.
Moreover, you should verify if there are any specific requirements regarding helmet standards. While most states accept regular bicycle helmets, certain states enforce regulations mandating motorcycle helmets, among other criteria. Therefore, it is strongly advised that all riders wear helmets for safety and to comply with road travel regulations.
Where E-Bikes Are Allowed:
Rules for Mountain Electric Bikes (EMTB):
Unlike traditional mountain bikes, e-mountain bikes often face certain restrictions on some trails. To address this issue, People for Bike has developed a 42,000-mile mountain e-bike trail that allows riders to access areas where mountain electric bikes are permitted easily.
EMTB Maps: